환원과 창발(수업)

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환원과 과학의 통일

  • Nagel, E. (1961), The Structure of Science, 332-365.
  • Oppenheim, P. & Putnam, H. (1958), "Unity of Science as a Working Hypothesis", in H. Feigl, M. Scriven & G. Maxwell (eds.), Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science Vol II, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, pp. 3-36.
  • Feyerabend, P. (1962), "Explanation, Reduction and Empiricism", MSPS III, 28-97.
  • Fodor, J. (1974), "Special Sciences (or: the Disunity of Science as a Working Hypothesis)", Synthese 28, 97-115.

특수과학에서의 환원

물리학

  • Nickles, T. (1973), "Two Concepts of Intertheoretical Reduction", JP 70: 181-201.
  • Sklar, L. (1999), "The Reduction (?) of Thermodynamics to Statistical Mechanics", Philosophical Studies 95:187-199.
  • Hawthorne, J. & Silberstein, M. (1995), "For Whom the Bell Arguments Toll", Synthese 102: 99-138.

화학

  • Scerri, E. & McIntyre, L. (1997), "The Case for the Philosophy of Chemistry", Synthese 111: 213-232.
  • Ramsey, J. L. (1997), "Moleculer Shape, Reduction, Explanation and Approximate Concets", Synthese 111: 233-251.

생물학

  • Schaffner, K. (1967), "Approaches to Reduction", Philosophy of Science 34: 137-147.
  • Hull, D. (1971), "Reduction in Genetics - Biology or Philosophy", Philosophy of Science 39: 491-499.
    • Hull, D. (1974), Philosophy of Biological Science, Prentice-Hall, pp. 8-44.
  • Waters, Kenneth (1990), "Why the Antireductionist Consensus Won't Survive the Case of Classical Mendelian Genetics", in A Fine, M. Forbes, and L. Wessels (eds.), PSA 1990, vol. 1, pp. 125-139.
  • Schaffner, K. (1998), "Genes, Behavior, and Developmental Emergentism: One Process, Indivisible?", Philosophy of Science 65: 209-252.
  • Griffiths, Paul & Robin D. Knight (1998), "What Is the Developmentalist Challenge?", Philosophy of Science 65: 253-258.

심신문제

  • Kim, J. (1992), "Multiple Realizability and the Metaphysics of Reduction", Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 52: 1-26. Reprinted in J. Kim (1993), Supervenience and Mind, Cambridge University Press, pp. 309-336.
  • Fodor, J. (1997), "Special Sciences: Still Autonomous After All These Years", Philosophical Perspectives 11: 149-163.
  • Block, N. (1997), "Anti-Reductionism Slaps Back", Philosophical Perspectives 11: 107-132.
  • Kim, J. (1998), "Reduction and Reductionism: A New Look", in Mind in a Physical World, MIT Press, Ch. 4 (pp, 89-120).

창발의 문제

  • Stephan, A. (1992), "Emergence - A Systematic View on its Historical Facets", in Beckermann, et al. (eds.), pp. 68-90.
  • Kim, J. (1999), "Making Sense of Emergence", Philosophical Studies 95: 1-36.
  • Antony, L. (1999), "Making Room for the Mental: Comments on Kim's 'Making Sense of Emergence'", Philosophical Studies 95: 37-43.
  • Siberstein, M. & McGeever, J. (1999), "The Search for Ontological Emergence", The Philosophical Quarterly 49: 182-200.
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